英语非谓语动词独立主格结构的用法解析

2023-03-23 14:01:57

英语非谓语动词独立主格结构的用法解析
在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
 Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later.
 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。(such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系)
 = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
 He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
 他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he)
 = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
(1)不定式“独立主格结构”
 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。动词不定式用主动的形式,在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
 His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.
 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。

(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)

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(2) -ing形式“独立主格结构”
动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
 Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了。(= As he was very ill, he went home.)
① 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
 Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
 每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课。(相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone wasready)
② 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。(相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way)
③ 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
My health allowing, I will work far into the night.
 我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。(相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows)
④ 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
 The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
 学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)
(3)-ed形式“独立主格结构”
 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
 = As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.
比较: 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
 The manager looks worried,many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
(事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settle)
 The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了, 经理看上去很轻松。
(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)

1. It was________of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
A. careless      B. considerate    C. patient    D. Generous
2. His comprehensive surveys have provided the most______statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit      B. ambiguous    C. original    D. arbitrary
3. A sudden stop can be a very  frightening experience, ______ if you are travelling at high speed.
A. eventually          B. strangely          C. merely            D. especially
4. I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special      B. superior    C. grateful      D. attractive
5. They gave money to the old people’s home either ______ or through their companies. 
A. legally    B. sincerely          C. personally        D. deliberately
6. —I did really well in the examination, Li Ke.
—I did ______than you.I got full marks.
A.no less B.not less C.not worse D.no worse
7. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not______a native speaker.
A.as fluent as B.more fluent than
C.so fluently as D.much fluently than
8. You can get off the bus one or two stops______ and walk the rest of the way to work every day so as to take some exercise.
A.more early B.earliest    C. early                D. earlier
9. Painting from still images leads to a loss of sensitivity, which is ______to an artist.
A.absolute B.urgent C.special D.vital
10. Arriving in the deep night, we found there was no ______food as all the shops were shut.
A.left B.convenient C.remaining D.available

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