独立主格结构形式选择中应该注意的问题
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）.它在句法上游离与句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何语法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。独立主格结构没有主语和位于，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号上与主句隔开。
1. 现在分词还是过去分词？
在独立主格结构中，主格词语分词形成逻辑主语关系时，用现在分词，
如：Winter coming,it gets colder and colder. 一句中，“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词；
主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，用过去分词，
如：More money given ,we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained. 一句中，“money”和“give”是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词。
在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词完成时态表示。
如：The snow having stopped ,she went out to sweep the snow in the yard.
2. 分词结构还是独立主格结构
上面的例子告诉我们，独立主格常常可以看做是由复合句中的从句变来的。但是，如果从句和主句的主语相同，则不可改为独立结构。例如：

Since he was very tired with his work , he soon fell asleep and forgot his trouble.

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不可改为：He being very tired with his work ,he ….但可改为：Being very tired with his work ,he…

1. Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent          B. having spent      C. spent             D. spending
2. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored
3. Today there are more airplanes________ more people than ever before in the skies.
A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying
4. I stopped the car   ________ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take        B. taking      C. to take      D. taken
5. Group activities will be organized after class _______ children develop team spirit.
  A. helping       B. having helped        C. helped        D. to help
6. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A. solving B. solved C. being solved D.to be solved
7. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.
A.watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching
8. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A. writing          B. to write        C. written          D. being written
9. There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again. 
  A. saying      B. says      C. said      D. having said 
10. When it comes to __ in public, no one can match him.
A.  speak        B.  speaking      C. being spoken       D. be spoken 

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